What are the exact steps to take if police officers come to my California home asking to conduct a search without a warrant?

If police ask to search your California home without a warrant, you should clearly state that you do not consent to the search but you must not physically resist or obstruct them if they decide to enter anyway. Here are the exact steps to take: Step 1: Do Not Open Your Door All the Way You are not required to open your door to police. You can speak to them through the closed door or step outside to speak with them, closing the door completely behind you. This prevents them from seeing inside your home, which could give them a reason to enter under the "plain view" doctrine. Step 2: Ask Why They Are There Politely ask, "Officers, how can I help you?" or "What is this about?" You have a right to know the purpose of their visit. Step 3: Clearly State You Do Not Consent to a Search This is the most important step. Use the clear and simple phrase: "Officer, I do not consent to a search." Repeat this statement calmly if they ask again. Do not argue or explain why. Your silence or a vague answer could be interpreted as consent. Step 4: Ask if You Are Free to Leave If the officers continue to question you, ask "Am I being detained?" or "Am I free to leave?" If they say you are free to leave, you can end the conversation, state that you are doing so, and go back inside your home. Step 5: Do Not Physically Resist a Search If the officers enter your home anyway after you have refused consent, do not physically block them or resist in any way. Doing so can lead to your arrest for obstructing an officer under California Penal Code 148. Repeat "I do not consent to this search" so it is clear, but let them proceed. Your legal challenge to the search will happen later in court. Important details and nuances: Police may enter without a warrant in certain emergency situations, such as when they are in hot pursuit of a fleeing suspect or believe someone inside is in immediate danger. Also, if you share your home with a roommate, that person can consent to a search of the common areas, but not your private bedroom. Warnings and limitations: Never lie to officers or present false documents. Do not get into a physical altercation. Remember that anything you say can be used against you, so it is best to say as little as possible beyond identifying yourself and stating that you do not consent to a search. This is general information and does not constitute legal advice. For complex situations, consult with a qualified California attorney.